Which surveying technique considers the curvature of the earth, suitable for large areas?

The surveying technique that takes into account the curvature of the Earth and is suitable for large areas is geodetic surveying. This method involves the measurement and representation of the Earth’s shape, orientation in space, and gravity field. Geodetic surveys are crucial for large-scale mapping, navigation, and understanding geophysical phenomena, as they provide a more accurate representation of the Earth's surface in comparison to techniques that only consider it as flat.

In contrast, plane surveying assumes that the Earth is flat, which is acceptable for smaller areas where the curvature has a negligible effect on measurements. Boundary surveying focuses on establishing property lines, which may not require adjustments for curvature on smaller parcels. Topographic surveying involves mapping the terrain's features, typically over relatively small areas, without a need to factor in the Earth’s curvature. Thus, geodetic surveying stands out as the appropriate method for larger areas due to its precision in accounting for the Earth's curvature.